Isuri mu gihugu cyacu ni ikibazo gihangayikishije kubera ibibazo itera harimo ko dutakaza ubutaka buhingwa bityo bikagira ingaruka k’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, isuri yongera ibibazo by’imyuzure no gusenya ibikorwaremezo harimo imihanda, isuri ituma amazi y’imigezi yandura bigatuma imigezi yacu yandura bikagira ingaruka ku nganda zitunganya amazi yo kunywa ndetse n’inganda zitanga amashanyarazi. Isuri kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Isesengura rwakozwe ryagaragaje ko hari ubutaka bungana hafi na hegitari ibihumbi magana tandatu (600,000 ha) bukenewe kurwanywaho isuri byihutirwa.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’isuri, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yamaze gushyiraho
Gahunda y’Igihugu Yihariye yo Kurwanya Isuri (National Program for Soil Erosion Control/
NAPROSEC) aho buri muturage wese asabwa guca imirwanyasuri mu isambu ye, iyo
mirwanyasuri yaba ihari, agasabwa guhora ayisibura, ayitaho ndetse agateraho ubwatsi
bufata neza iyo mirwanyasuri ndetse bukaba bwanaba ubwatsi bw’amatungo. Umuturage
kandi agomba kumenya uko bakora ifumbire y’imborera kuko nayo ifasha kubungabunga
ubutaka no kongera umusaruro.

Hari ibikorwa byinshi bishobora gukorwa mu kurwanya isuri harimo gutera amashyamba n’ibiti, guca imirwanyasuri irimo amaterasi y’indinganire ndetse n’imiringoti.

Igikorwa tugiye kurebera hamwe uko imirwanyasuri igice cyambere aho turebera hamwe UKO WATEGURA UKANABUNGABUNGA IMIRINGOTI!

AHO IMIRINGOTI YAKORERWA

Imiringoti ikorwa ahantu hafite ubuhaname buri hagati ya 5% na 12%. Ariko ishobora gukorwa kugeza ku buhaname bwa 30% ndetse kugeza kuri 40%. Ni ngombwa ko agronome akora isesengura ryisumbuye bitewe n’aho imiringoti igiye gukorerwa.

Haterwa ibiti ku ruhande rwo haruguru aho bashyira igitaka baba bacukuye.

1.1.UBWOKO BW'IMIRINGOTI

1.1.1.IMIRINGOTI IDAKOMEJE

Iyi ni yo myiza tugereranije n’imiterere y’igihugu cyacu.

• Igira uburebure bwa metero 4 kugera kuri 6 z’uburebure, santimetero 40 kugera kuri santimetero 50 z’ubugari na santimetero 50 kugeza kuri 60 z’ubujyakuzimu;
• Umuringoti utandukanywa n’undi n’ubutaka bwa santimetero 50 bumenyerewe ku izina ry’intebe ya Agoronome, ariko kikijweho santimetero 20 mu rwego rwo kugirango imirwanyasuri ibashe guhererekanya amazi igihe ari ngombwa;
• Imyiza iba ifite ishusho imeze nk’ikinyampande bita tarapezoyide. Kugirango igire iri shusho, impande zayo barazigarika ku buryo usanga hejuru hangana na santimetero 90 kugera kuri santimetero 110;
• Imiringoti yo ku murongo ndinganizabuhaname umwe yegeranye igomba kubusana ku buryo intebe ya Agoronome y’uwo hepfo iba iteganye no mu cya kabiri cy’umuringoti wo haruguru;
• Umwanya hagati y’imiringoti utandukana bitewe n’ubuhaname n’ubwoko bw’ubutaka. Imbonerahamwe yo hepfo ni byo itwereka.

1.1.2.IMIRINGOTI IKOMEJE

Si myiza kuko ishobora kuzura amazi agasandarira mu murima akahaca inkangu.

2.GUPIMA UBUHANAME

Gupima ubuhaname bw’umusozi hakoreshwa ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo Rujore, Kirizimetire, Tewodolite, igikoresho gifite ishusho y’Ikadiri ya A (A-frame) n’ibindi. Aha turibanda ku Ikadiri ya A (A-frame) kuko cyoroshye gukorwa no gukoreshwa n’umuntu ukeneye kurwanya isuri ku musozi.

2.1.GUKORA IKADIRI YA A(A FRAME)

2.2.IKADIRI YA A FRAME IKORWA MU BURYO BUKURIKIRA:

Shaka ibiti bibiri bifite umubyimba muto wafunganya n’ikiganza cyawe n’uburebure bwa metero ebyiri n’igice biza gukoreshwa nk’amaguru y’Ikadiri ya A;

Shaka igiti cy’umutambiko gifite ubunini nk’ubw’ibyavuzwe haruguru n’uburebure bwa metero n’igice;

Shaka imisumari itatu cyangwa irenga; Fatanya bya biti by’amaguru ahagana ku mitwe yabyo ku buryo hejuru hasigara santimetero10 -15 kugira ngo bidasahuka;

Tandukanya amaguru ya bya biti ku buryo hasi bitandukanywa na metero ebyiri;

Ahagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’uburebure bw’amaguru y’ibiti tambikamo cya giti cy’umutambiko ugiteremo imisumari gifatane na ya maguru, ku buryo impande n’impande hasigara santimetero 10 kugira ngo kidasaduka;

Pima uburebure bw’umutambiko buri haati ya ya maguru y’ibiti bibiri ugabanyemo kabiri ushyire ikimenyetso hagati na hagati (niho hitwa kuri zero);

Zirika umugozi hejuru ku gasongero aho wahurije bya biti ku buryo umanukiramo hagati ukanagana;

Ku burebure bwa wa mugozi burenze aho umutambiko uri,

zirihaho ibuye ritoya cyangwa igiti; Itegure gukoresha Ikadiri ya A.

2.2.1.UKO WAKORESHA IKADIRI YA A

I.Pima intera iri hagati y’amaguru y’ ikadiri ya A (A-frame)

II.Shyira Ikadiriya A ku murongo umanuka, ukuguru kumwe kwayo hasi ku butaka ukundi ujye ukuzamura cyangwa ukumanure ukurikije urugero wifuza ko umugozi uhagararaho (hagati ku mutambiko w’ikadiri ya A).

III.Zamura ukuguru kutari ku butaka kugeza ubwo umugozi uziritse ku Ikadiri ya A uri muri zero cyangwa hagati na hagati ku mutambiko wo hagati w’Ikadiri ya A.

I.V.Pima intera (ubuhagarike) iri hagati y’ubutaka n’igitereko cy’ukuguru kwo hepfo. Iyo ntera niyo yitwa RISE (Ubujyejuru).

V.Koresha ibipimo ubonye kugirango ubare ijanisha ry’ubuhaname bw’umusozi (slope - s).

V.I.Ubuhaname bw’umusozi (Slope-S) = Ubujyejuru buri hagati y’ukuguru kw’ Ikadiri ya A kwo hepfo n’ubutaka (d) ugakuba na 100, ukagabanya n’uburebure buri hagati y’amaguru abiri y’Ikadiri ya A (h). Ni ukuvuga ko S= d*100/h

UBUTAHA TURAKOMEZA NÍGICE CYA KABIRI